How did the structure of clathrin get its name?
How did the structure of clathrin get its name?
Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in 1976. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a polyhedral lattice that surrounds the vesicle. This is how clathrin gets its name, from the Latin clathratus meaning like a lattice.
What is the role of clathrin heavy chain 1?
Clathrin heavy chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLTC gene. Clathrin is a major protein component of the cytoplasmic face of intracellular organelles, called coated vesicles and coated pits. These specialized organelles are involved in the intracellular trafficking of receptors and endocytosis of a variety of macromolecules.
How is the formation of clathrin coated vesicles shut down?
Formation of clathrin-coated vesicles is shut down in cells undergoing mitosis. During mitosis, clathrin binds to the spindle apparatus, in complex with two other proteins: TACC3 and ch-TOG/ CKAP5. Clathrin aids in the congression of chromosomes by stabilizing kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle.
What is the function of clathrin in the plasma membrane?
Clathrin is a molecular scaffold for vesicular uptake of cargo at the plasma membrane, where its assembly into cage-like lattices underlies the clathrin-coated pits of classical endocytosis.
How does the clathrin coat assembly take place?
Coat assembly: clathrin triskelia are recruited by the AP2 hub and polymerize in hexagons and pentagons to form the clathrin coat around the nascent pit. Scission: the GTPase dynamin is recruited at the neck of the forming vesicle by BAR domain-containing proteins, where it self-polymerizes and, upon GTP hydrolysis, induces membrane scission.
Where are the clathrin light chains located in the body?
There are two forms of clathrin light chains, designated a and b. The main clathrin heavy chain, located on chromosome 17 in humans, is found in all cells. A second clathrin heavy chain gene, on chromosome 22, is expressed in muscle.