Why is microemulsion thermodynamically stable?

Micro-emulsion is thermodynamically stable as its Gibbs free energy caused by some effects becomes negative. Then the micro emulsion become thermodynamically stable.

Which is thermodynamically stable formulation?

Microemulsions are stable for relatively long periods. Microemulsions are recognized as a thermodynamically stable system. Microemulsion-based formulations are prepared in liquid forms, which are preferable for patients with difficulties in swallowing solids.

What is the microemulsion method?

Microemulsion polymerization is a complex heterogeneous process where transport of monomers, free radicals and other species (such as chain transfer agent, co-surfactant and inhibitors) between the aqueous and organic phases, takes place.

What is globule size of microemulsion?

These observations, therefore, confirmed the optical isotropy of the resulting microemulsions[8,28]. The globule size for all NDFX-ME formulations revealed from light-scattering experiments were in the range 65.83-121.21 nm, which is generally considered to be the globule size of microemulsion (≈10-150 nm).

Are microemulsion thermodynamically stable?

Microemulsions, being thermodynamically stable systems, with low viscosity and elegant in appearance have attracted interest not only for the delivery of single drug substances with low water solubility but for the stabilization of drugs in combination due to their preferential solubility in either the water or oil …

What are the advantages of microemulsion?

They offer the advantage of spontaneous formation, ease of manufacturing and scale-up, thermodynamic stability, improved drug solubilization of hydrophobic drugs and bioavailability. Also, microemulsions that have inverse micellar structure may be less comedogenic than either creams or solutions [9,10].

Why is microemulsion used?

Microemulsions can carry water-soluble drugs into aqueous phase, and hence demonstrate the ability to carry both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs. Microemulsions have a wide range of applicability, as they can be delivered by all major routes of drug delivery (Garg and Goyal 2014b.

What is microemulsion polymerization process?

Definition. Microemulsion polymerization is defined as polymerization involving a radical chain propagation reaction with vinyl monomers in one phase of a microemulsion, and the produced polymer colloid is denoted as latex.

Which emulsion is thermodynamically most unstable?

Macroemulsion. Macroemulsions are dispersed liquid-liquid, thermodynamically unstable systems with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 μm (orders of magnitude), which, most often, do not form spontaneously.

How is microemulsion formed?

The formulation is prepared above the melting point of the lipid to form the microemulsion. Lipid (fatty acid or glycerides) is dissolved; surfactant, cosurfactant, and active ingredient solution in water is heated to the same temperature and the resulting mixture is added to the lipids.

Why does creaming occur?

Creaming is a natural process that occurs during the storage of raw whole milk. Due to the differences in densities between fat globules and the plasma phase of milk, fat globules tend to accumulate as a cream layer on top of the milk. However, natural creaming of fat highly depends on the storage temperature of milk.

What is reverse microemulsion?

In short, reverse micelles can be defined as “Water in oil microemulsion in which polar head groups of surfactant molecules are attracted by aqueous core and directed towards inside and hydrocarbon chain i.e. a polar part is attracted by non aqueous phase and directed towards outside”.