How is humeral retroversion measured?

Can we clinically measure humeral retroversion?

1. First measure both shoulder external rotation and internal rotation at 90 degrees of abduction. Do this on both sides.
2. Now add up ER + IR on each side. This is your “total motion.”
3. In the normal person, including overhead athletes, the total motion should be very similar.

What is retroversion of the shoulder?

Glenoid retroversion is the abnormal posterior angulation of the articular surface of the glenoid of the scapula and is of importance as it predisposes to posterior glenohumeral instability and tears of the posterior labrum.

What is the anatomic retroversion of the humeral head?

Humeral head retroversion was defined as the angle between the humeral head axis and both the elbow epicondylar axis and the elbow tangent axis (Fig. 3B).

What is the normal orientation of humeral head?

Instead of duplicating the normal 30° retroverted direction of the humeral head joint surface, the head is cut so that it faces directly medially (0–10° of retroversion).

What is retroversion of the humerus?

Humeral retroversion is generally defined as the angular difference between the orientation of the proximal humeral head and the axis of the elbow at the distal humerus. Some studies demonstrated that retroversion of the proximal part of the humerus can be reliably measured on CT scans.

What is angle of humeral torsion?

Angle of humeral torsion is defined as the angle formed between the proximal and distal articular axis of the humerus. This angle is measured at the intersection of two lines: one that evenly bisects the articular surface of the humeral head proximally and the second being the transepicondylar line distally [1,2].

What is angle of inclination of humerus?

The inclination of the proximal humeral articular surface relative to the shaft (head shaft angle) is also variable, ranging from 30 degrees to 55 degrees. The center of rotation is variably offset in 3 dimensions. The radius of curvature ranges from 20 to 30 mm and is smaller in women than in men.

What is angle of torsion of humerus?

What is the normal angle of torsion of humerus?

: