How much CO2 is produced by cement production?

WHAT IS IT? The manufacture of cement produces about 0.9 pounds of CO2 for every pound of cement. Since cement is only a fraction of the constituents in concrete, manufacturing a cubic yard of concrete (about 3900 lbs) is responsible for emitting about 400 lbs of CO2.

How much CO2 is produced per kg of concrete?

According to [1], for every 1kg of cement produced, 0.9kg of CO2 is evolved, and this equates to the evolution of about 3.24 billion tons of CO2/year for the current projected 3.6 billion produced annually, and these figures don’t take into account the emissions from the quarrying and transportation of raw materials …

How much CO2 does cement produce per ton?

0.5-0.6 ton
IEA [8] indicates that 0.5-0.6 ton of CO2 is emitted per ton of cement , reports from cement companies rather indicate a value around 0.6-0.7 t CO2/ t cement (GNR average of 0.654 tCO2/t cement).

Why does cement release so much CO2?

There are two ways that making cement releases CO2: Burning fossil fuels to heat the kilns to achieve the reaction temperatures. Breaking down calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and CO2.

Does cement absorb CO2?

Modern concrete needs to be strong, durable and economical, but the manufacturing process is energy-intensive. Concrete naturally absorbs CO2, but not very quickly and not in great amounts.

Does cement release CO2?

Cement manufacture contributes greenhouse gases both directly through the production of carbon dioxide when calcium carbonate is thermally decomposed, producing lime and carbon dioxide, and also through the use of energy, particularly from the combustion of fossil fuels.

How can we reduce CO2 emissions in cement industry?

There are several measures that can reduce CO2 emissions from the cement manufacturing process: the use of waste heat as an alternative source of energy; CO2 capture and storage technologies; reduction of clinker to cement ratio; the use of alternative and biomass fuels; the use of alternative raw materials; an energy …

How does cement release CO2?

Carbon dioxide emissions and climate change Cement manufacture contributes greenhouse gases both directly through the production of carbon dioxide when calcium carbonate is thermally decomposed, producing lime and carbon dioxide, and also through the use of energy, particularly from the combustion of fossil fuels.

What can you use instead of cement?

Concrete: Cement Substitutes

• Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), aka ‘Fly ash’ as a cement substitute. PFA is a by-product of coal-burning power stations.
• Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) as a cement substitute. GGBS is a by-product of the iron and steel industry.
• Silica fume.
• Limestone fines.
• Alternative fuels.

What can I use instead of cement?

How is carbon dioxide converted to solid carbonate in concrete?

Gaseous carbon dioxide is converted to solid carbonates and can be permanently stored in concrete for emission reduction, the general reaction of CO2 and calcium silicate hydrate in cement was described in 1974 as:

How does carbonatation of concrete affect the environment?

Carbonatation in concrete is the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by chemical reaction. The speed of carbonation depends primarily on the porosity of the concrete and the moisture content.

Which is more harmful to the environment Alite or Belite?

Current research is focusing on finding possible impurity additives, like magnesium, that might speed up the curing process. It is also worthwhile to consider that belite takes more energy to grind, which may make its full life of impact similar to or even higher than alite.

How does the cement industry affect the environment?

Carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. The cement industry is one of the two largest producers of carbon dioxide (CO 2), creating up to 8% of worldwide man-made emissions of this gas, of which 50% is from the chemical process and 40% from burning fuel.