What is a TRALI blood reaction?

TRALI is an acute complication following blood transfusion that is characterized by severe shortness of breath, often associated with fever and low blood pressure. Although rare, it is one of the most common causes of transfusion- related death.

What is a febrile transfusion reaction?

Nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions are usually caused by cytokines from leukocytes in transfused red cell or platelet components, causing fever, chills, or rigors. In the transfusion setting, a fever is defined as a temperature elevation of 1º C or 2º F.

What reactions occur after matched transfusion?

Transfusion reaction symptoms include:

• back pain.
• dark urine.
• chills.
• fainting or dizziness.
• fever.
• flank pain.
• skin flushing.
• shortness of breath.

What indicates a hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Classically, acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is described as a triad of symptoms; fever, flank pain, and red or brown urine. However, this classic presentation is not seen often. Other symptoms are chills, hypotension, renal failure, back pain, or signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

What is treatment for TRALI?

Treatment / Management Immediate management of TRALI is to stop the transfusion and notify the blood bank to screen the donor unit for antileukocyte antibodies, anti-HLA or anti-neutrophil-specific antibodies. [5] Supportive measures must be taken to improve oxygenation.

What are signs of TRALI?

TRALI is a well-characterized clinical constellation of symptoms including dyspnea, hypotension, and fever. The radiological picture is of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates without evidence of cardiac compromise or fluid overload.

How long after a blood transfusion can a reaction occur?

Reactions can occur between 1 day and 4 weeks after the transfusion. A person can acquire these antibodies through previous pregnancies or transfusions.

What are the 5 types of transfusion reactions?

Types of Transfusion Reactions

• Acute hemolytic reactions.
• Simple allergic reactions.
• Anaphylactic reactions.
• Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
• Delayed hemolytic reactions.
• Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO).
• Febrile non-hemolytic reactions.
• Septic (bacteria contamination) reactions.

What is the treatment for hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (AHTR) Treatment of AHTR is largely supportive and renal-protective resuscitation is imperative. Aiming for urine output of 100 mL/hour or more with intravenous (IV) fluids and adjunctive diuretics (eg, furosemide) will help protect intrinsic renal function.

Can you recover from TRALI?

TRALI is generally thought to be transient, reverses spontaneously, and carries a better prognosis compared with many other forms of acute lung injury (ALI), including ARDS. The mortality of TRALI reported to the transfusion services is estimated at 5%.